Due to the particular mode that characterizes the genetic segregation in the macronucleous of Tetrahymena that defies the rules of diploid Mendelian inheritance, we developed a simple simulation model to estimate both U - the rate at which copy number variation in the MAC occurs- and s - the mean effect on fitness caused by deviations of the optimum copy number.
Already, in the shadow of its ascending bell curve, we can see a new economic era that will take us beyond the industrious mode that characterized the last two centuries of economic development and into a collaborative way of life.
Adopting this view also directed me, in the early stages of the present study, to classify countries a priori according to cultural and geographical similarities, such as East Asia, Eastern Europe, or Arab countries, and so on, and to look for typical modes of instruction that characterize each of these groups of countries.
There are three general modes of binding that characterize the compound interactions with double-stranded DNA: intercalation, groove binding and covalent binding [ 92- 94].
In the following paragraphs, we again summarize the conceptual key elements that characterize Mode 3 and Quadruple and Quintuple Helix from a more advanced systems perspective.
The width of the deformation zone is one of the parameters that characterize the mode of fault slip, frictional instability, displacement, and fault evolution (e.g., Rice et al. 2014).
Identification of experimental natural frequencies and modal parameters that characterize the mode shapes, calculated analytically by using Mindlin theory, enables the Young's modulus and Poisson ratio of the material tested to be determined.
Unlike Raman or MIR spectroscopies that characterize fundamental vibrational modes, NIR measures overtone and combination bands associated with C-H, N-H, O-H, and S-H moieties [ 31].
On the other hand, the family-based mining mode of WildSpan aims at deriving motifs that characterize the functional signatures of a given family.
The phylogenetic PCA recovered two critical PC axes consistent with combinations of locomotor traits that characterize adaptation to divergent swimming modes [see Additional file 1].
