Individual physical or mental entities are "modes" of substance: physical entities are modes of substance understood in terms of the attribute of extension; mental entities are modes of substance understood in terms of the attribute of thought.
To explain this proposition, Gueroult draws a distinction between "modes of substance" and "modes of attributes".
The latter may be regarded as real modes of substance or of being in the unqualified sense (ens simpliciter).
The claim is that 1P28 treats only modes of substance and not attributes, and is therefore unique.
Finite things are but modifications of that substance, and not themselves independent beings (Ip14); bodies in particular are modes of substance conceived under the attribute Extension.
In other words, the identity is then understood in reference to "modes of substance" and not "modes of attributes" (Gueroult, 1968, 338 39).
The particularized properties (i.e., tropes or modes) of substances and the events in which substances participate that is, items such as the particular redness of this apple and the assassination of Caesar would appear to depend for their identity upon those substances, which precludes the reverse relationship from obtaining, on pain of circularity.
Accordingly, like Wyclif, he insists that quantity, quality, and relations, considered as abstract accidents, are forms inherent in primary substances, whereas, if considered from the point of view of their actual existence as concrete items, they are not really distinct from the substance in which they are present, but only formally, as they are modes of substances.
Universals are substances in the second mode of substance only, i.e., "they are terms in the category of substance" (QIP 4: 140, ll.
Consensus expert guidance also endorses integrated treatment plus screening all patients with psychiatric symptoms for substance misuse and assessing the type, amount and mode of substance use; the client's motivation for change; physical sequelae of substance use, medication and psychosocial treatments including motivational therapy, modified CBT and relapse prevention [ 67].
For Spinoza, finite minds are not themselves substances, but rather modes of thinking substance.
