Both cell lines present differences in their mode of proliferation, HepG2 cells in tridimensional space opposite to HuH7 cells which proliferate as monolayers and HepG2 cells which proliferate faster and their size is smaller than that of HuH7 cells (Table 2).
Each pool uses its own combination of cell rearrangements and mode of proliferation for elongation, despite a common clonal strategy that consists in disposing along the antero-posterior axis precursors of dorso-ventrally-oriented stripes of cells.
Crucially, this mode of proliferation is independent of the essential FtsZ based division machinery.
Interestingly, this mode of proliferation is strikingly similar to the mode of proliferation of simple vesicle systems independent of protein based machineries (Hanczyc et al., 2003; Budin et al., 2009; Terasawa et al., 2012).
Several questions regarding the origin and mode of proliferation of the CTX-M-type β-lactamases are unclear.
In this regard, the investigation of the mode of proliferation revealed an upregulation of the metastatic lymph node MLN51 gene in hyperactive RASF [ 34].
We report here a simple and possibly widely generalizable method with which bacteria can be switched to a cell wall-free mode of proliferation.
However, in the L-form mode of proliferation, no growth defect was observed, again supporting the idea that L-form proliferation is independent of the normal cell division machinery.
These are very important findings that significantly reinforce the idea that L-form growth represents a primitive mode of proliferation that was likely used by the last common ancestor of bacteria and this should be discussed.
Our results suggest that the L-form mode of proliferation is conserved across the bacterial kingdom, reinforcing the idea that it could have been used in primitive cells, and opening up its use in the generation of synthetic cells.
