where k a = -2ν2/(λr) is the Doppler rate and Bd is the target Doppler bandwidth in the sliding spotlight mode given by B d = B f _ 0 1 − ω r r / v (15).
In addition, we define T m,c =λ m P m,c log2(1+γ m ) and T m,o =λ m P m,o log2(1+γ m ) as the expressions for macrocell throughput with closed and open access modes, respectively; then the expressions for total throughput with closed and open access modes are given by T tot,c =T m,c +T f and T tot,o =T m,o +T f [17].
Remark 32 Assuming that the number of modes is given by a prime number p, we can explicitly determine the numbers r ˆ ℓ from Eq. (35).
The standard orthonormal basis in the Fock space for a chain of d fermionic modes is given by | n 1, n 2, …, n d 〉 : = ( f 1 † ) n 1 ( f 2 † ) n 2 ⋯ ( f d † ) n d | 0 〉 (33).
The cut-off frequencies (frequencies at which n is zero) for these modes are given by relations (2) and (3), respectively [e.g., Stix 1962; Gurnett and Bhatacharjee 2005].
Then, the condition of trapped modes is given by 2kern0.1em cosleft {k}_z^{sp} Lright)- ileft(frac{k_z^{ae}}{k_z^{sp}}frac{varepsilon_{xs}}{varepsilon_{xa}}+frac{k_z^{sp}}{k_z^{ae}}frac{varepsilon_{xa}}{varepsilon_{xs}}right) sinleft {k}_z^{sp} Lright)=0 (26).
Simulations started with N = 10 individuals, where the proportion of the different sexes and breeding modes were given by the observed allele frequencies at the fog-2 locus in the rT1/3/5 populations (see Additional file 1: Table S1).
The expectation of inter-domain handoff latency of ADA in RO mode is given by: (26).
The handoff latency expectation of MIPv6 in BT mode is given by: (1).
The expectation of inter-domain handoff latency of ADA in BT mode is given by: (22).
