If Mr. Bauer's testing strategy works, the railroad should be running even better after he is gone, with its fleet modernized from one of the oldest in the nation to one of the newest.
Moreover, this is equally true across Europe and in virtually every country as they modernize, from Brazil to Turkey.
Both were sent across the Atlantic to France after the war for the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, and were then transferred to the Pacific Fleet before being significantly modernized from 1929 to 1931.
And "Eastern Standard Western Artistss in China," opening in January at Mass MoCA in North Adams, Mass., will present a view of modernizing China from the viewpoint of Western artists.
The United States is at the start of a multi-decade effort to upgrade its nuclear weapons complex, from modernizing 1970s-era bombs with modern electronic components to replacing aging nuclear ballistic missile submarines, long range bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles.
Pentagon officials have warned that large reductions could keep them from replacing equipment damaged in Iraq and Afghanistan, and from modernizing other planes, ships and tanks.
On the flip side, traditional and regional newspapers have massive and engaged audiences and a steady income from sales and advertising, but are held back from modernizing by legacy technology and outdated mindsets.
Far from modernizing its collection system, the city doesn't even plan to expand it.
Restructuring of Greek debt would be costly for European taxpayers, reward speculators and discourage Greece from modernizing its economy, Mr. Bini Smaghi said.
Coal and other energy producers say the rules impose billions of dollars in extra costs that block utilities from modernizing plants to make them more energy efficient.
