In addition to LV diastolic dysfunction, 6/20 patients had moderate LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF = 40% (25 to 49%), n = 6).
Echocardiography demonstrated RV dilation with small aneurysmal areas of the free wall and moderate RV systolic dysfunction, a nondilated left ventricle with normal systolic function, mild concentric hypertrophy, and mild left atrial dilation.
Well-established risk factors for stroke in AF patients are prior stroke, advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, moderate-severe systolic dysfunction and vascular disease.
He was investigated for increased shortness of breath two years ago and found to have moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by echocardiography and classified into: 1) LVEF ≤ 40% - moderate to severe systolic dysfunction, 2) LVEF > 40% - normal to mild systolic dysfunction.
Finally, the ongoing SHIFT (Systolic Heart failure treatment with the If inhibitor ivabradine Trial) is evaluating the potential role of ivabradine in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure and at least moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ISRCTN 2008).
Patients had severe LVD, mild RV systolic dysfunction, moderate MR and severely dilated ventricles (table 1).
In a meta-analysis of 14 RCTs that included a total of 4420 patients with moderate or severe HF, systolic dysfunction, and prolonged QRS, in addition to medical treatment, CRT significantly improved LVEF, quality of life, and functional status and decreased hospitalizations by 37% and all-cause mortality by 22% [ 166].
Patients with a normal appearing parasternal long axis image were very unlikely to have significant structural heart disease (defined as LV or RV systolic dysfunction, moderate-to-large pericardial effusion, or more than mild mitral valve disease) detected on the remaining images.
