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The cognitive status domain (RR: 1.80-2.85) had moderate proxy response bias.
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Within the physical status domain, small proxy response bias was found in mobility (RR: 0.97-1.28) and moderate to large proxy response biases were found in activities of daily living (ADL) (RR: 1.16-3.10) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (RR: 1.28-3.83).
Furthermore, we found regional differences in proxy response between Lake Kuhai and Lake Koucha.
Proxy response bias is the difference between the responses from proxy and survey respondents.
Even though proxies still report more limitations, the magnitude of proxy response bias was very small.
Extensive literature has assessed the extent of proxy response bias.
So we observed large proxy response bias for this question.
Secondly, this study only investigated proxy response bias.
As a result, they are free from proxy response bias.
When using survey data obtained from proxies, researchers should describe possible effects of proxy response bias on study results.
We chose to include responses provided by proxies for patients unable to answer the questionnaires by themselves although proxy response reliability is lower [ 21].
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