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In two independent lines (iaIs27 and iaIs28), the hif-1 integrated transgenes conferred moderate lifespan extension (22 or 23 days, p<0.0001, Tables 1 and S1).
Preliminary data from our laboratory suggest that Nox4 knockdown also leads to a moderate lifespan extension in human fibroblasts (R. Greussing and P. Jansen-Dürr, unpublished work), suggesting a more general role of Nox4 in cellular senescence; however, further work will be required to clarify this point.
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Here, we show a moderate reduction of lifespan in xpa-1.
The spe-10 mutant strain exhibited reduced fertility, but the moderate increase in lifespan previously reported in some experiments [ 29] was not observed here (Table 2).
Interestingly, expression of a wild-type version of MGS led to mild glycogen accumulation and moderate changes in lifespan and locomotion, whereas expression of the Drosophila homolog of GS had no impact on the variables studied.
Knocking down the Indy homolog CeNAC2 in C. elegans also promotes a moderate increase in lifespan in one study [ 8], while another study failed to observe the phenotype [ 9].
One of the most extensively studied and successful ways to elongate lifespan is moderate dietary restriction. 1 Studies across different species have shown that moderate dietary restriction is associated with a longer lifespan.
By contrast, however, valproic acid in the formulation that we have used strikingly reduces lifespan at moderate doses, calibrated to the same dose/unit mass scale as lithium, as shown in Figure 5.
Treatment with PK11195 (left) did extend lifespan at moderate concentrations.
Conversely, inactivation of O-GlcNAcase (OGA-1) leads to a moderate increase in adult lifespan.
Studies in mice have shown that SIRT6 deficiency produces premature ageing phenotypes, whereas SIRT6 overexpression causes a moderate increase in the lifespan of male mice.
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