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Notably, within the genome vehicles, genes with low or moderate expression changes, which are often considered noisy and insignificant, are essential components for the creation of the neutrophil attractor.
Thus, for the first time, we reveal the existence of 'genome vehicle' and show that genes with low or moderate expression changes, contained within genome vehicles, are crucial for the neutrophil attractor.
For instance, most of the stress-responsive genes showed small or moderate expression changes, the identification of this group would not be likely without multiple replications.
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Indeed, our earlier microarray study comparing oocytes isolated from young mice with oocytes isolated from old mice shows only moderate gene expression changes with age: of around 22,000 genes examined there were only 99 genes with a more than two-fold change between old and young oocytes [ 18].
In this way, many genes with moderate but meaningful expression changes are discarded by the strict cut-off value, which leads to a reduction in statistical power.
For example, the popular Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) algorithm can detect moderate but coordinated expression changes of groups of presumably related genes between pairs of experimental conditions.
On the other hand, global and multivariate approaches relax the assumption of independence among genes belonging to the same gene sets and identify moderate, but coordinated, expression changes that cannot be detected by the previous approach [ 3].
The aim is to identify groups of genes with moderate, but coordinated, expression changes, which should enable the understanding of cellular processes involved in the biological problem at hand.
The magnitude of observed expression changes was moderate with only several dozens of genes exceeding 2-fold changes.
Current studies are under way in patients with depression to examine gene expression changes following moderate exercise tasks, found to differentiate patients with CFS and FM from controls.
Expression changes were moderate and it has to be considered that some of the observed changes are random noise, given also that only few significant effects persisted over both time points (3 and 7 days) and considering the partially differing results from both statistical tests applied (40% of trancripts identified to be differentially expressed by both, sign test and variance-based analysis).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com