About 40% of the residents lived in visibly damp, moldy households, and overall their risk for depression averaged 34 44% higher than that for residents of mold-free dwellings, with moderate exposure associated with the highest increase in risk.
In a prior study of recreational beachgoers by these investigators, this was considered "moderate" exposure compared with a "high" exposure day with up to 108 ng/m of brevetoxin in the air (Backer et al. 2003, 2005).
Only a limited number of studies have examined the association of low or moderate exposure to inorganic arsenic with diabetes risk [ 29, 30].
Arsenic easily crosses the placenta (Concha et al. 1998), and there is increasing evidence that even moderate exposure during pregnancy is associated with fetal loss (Rahman et al. 2010), impaired fetal growth (Hopenhayn et al. 2003; Rahman et al. 2009; Yang et al. 2003), and increased infant morbidity (Rahman et al. 2011).
Lower respiratory tract symptoms (e.g., tightness of chest, wheezing, shortness of breath) were reported by 8% of the people who had no or low exposure, 11% with moderate exposure, and 28% with high exposure; upper respiratory symptoms (eye and throat irritation, nasal congestion, cough) were also increased in the moderate- and high-exposure groups.
The Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health study, conducted by researchers at Michigan State University, is the first large, community-based study to examine the risk of preterm birth in relation to mercury concentrations among women with low to moderate exposure to the contaminant.
In populations with low or moderate exposure to fluoride through optimally fluoridated community water supplies and fluoridated dentifrices, fluorosis may present as diffuse white lines or opacities of the enamel surface as a result of an increase in the porosity of the fluorotic enamel.
Although this was a hypothesis-generating study, the authors speculated regarding moderate exposure and associations with neurologic symptoms.
Among men, the risk of myocardial infarction increased with higher occupational physical activity but only significantly among men with moderate exposure.
– High Dynamic Mode – Helps to capture a scene with moderate exposure even though the scene may contain both bright and dark areas.
– High Dynamic Mode – Helps to capture a scene with moderate exposure even when the scene may contain both bright and dark areas.
