After 3 years of follow-up, mean BPs in the strict control and moderate control groups were 137/75 mmHg and 142/77 mmHg, respectively (P<0.001).
In a meta-analysis (2009) of 5 large trials the rate of non-fatal myocardial infarction was significantly lower in the stricter compared to the moderate glucose control group, 10.0% versus 12.3% [ 40].
Most recently, intensive glucose control in the Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation and Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation (NICE-SUGAR) trial [ 12] was associated with a 14-fold increase in severe hypoglycemia (6.8%) compared with the moderate glucose control group (0.5%; P < 0.001).
We should also point out, however, that most of the test results were much more moderate in the control group than in the intervention groups.
Amongst those in the control group, moderate infiltration of lymphocytes in the ascending and transverse colon, with no evidence of cryptitis, was found in 1/46 (2.2%) adult.
Patients with mild to moderate asthma in the control group did not need antibiotics, which implicated that PCT could play an important role in guiding the use of antibiotics.
The evidence that is available is promising since exercise has a large effect on cognition (Cohen's d = 1.31) and was observed as being significantly different from the control group (moderate effect: Cohen's d = 0.56 and 0.57) [ 16, 24].
The ActiGraph accelerometer data revealed a significant Group × Time effect in minutes per day of moderate intensity walking activity (see Table 2), with the intervention group showing a greater increase in moderate intensity walking than the control group.
The myenteric plexus showed a reduced ganglionic density and size (moderate hypoganglionosis) compared with the control group.
Though the sample size of the clinical group is large, the sample size of the control group is moderate.
