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Detecting moderate cognitive dysfunction early could decrease the risk factors associated with vascular events, resulting in the prevention of dementia [ 8].
11 Patients with mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction also sustain a high risk of developing complications 19 that are even harder to identify in the clinical setting.
Exclusion criteria were stroke or myocardial infarction within 2 weeks prior to enrolment as well as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) below 18 points implying moderate cognitive dysfunction.
Before and after the operation, neurocognitive dysfunction was evaluated in all patients by the Folstein mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (maximum 30 points). 5 Patients were divided into four groups: serious cognitive dysfunction (0~17 points); moderate cognitive dysfunction (18~24 points); mild cognitive dysfunction (25~26 points); and normal cognitive function (27~30 points).
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Clinical diagnosis of NPSLE was defined by presence of past or current: stroke, transient ischemic accident, psychosis, seizure disorder, confusional state, and/or moderate or severe cognitive dysfunction.
Twenty-one of the SLE patients had major NPSLE defined as current or past stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), current or past confusional state, moderate or severe cognitive dysfunction, current or past seizures, or current or past psychosis.
Information analysis found perhaps not surprisingly the highest level of information is found at moderate levels of cognitive dysfunction.
It has already been reported that the ADAS-cog and its subscales provide maximum information at moderate levels of cognitive dysfunction [ 25, 26].
Considering that most subjects had education less than 6 years, the cut-off of MMSE score was set at a relatively low level to exclude moderate and severe cognitive dysfunction.
Patients subjectively rated themselves as experiencing moderate levels of overall cognitive dysfunction (mean 3.5, sd = 1.8) and across the specific domains of speed (mean 3.1, sd = 1.9), concentration (mean 3.2, sd = 2.1), and short-term memory (mean 3.3, sd = 2.0).
Cognitive impairment was identified in 206(49.9 %) patients; 120 (29.1 %) had mild or moderate and 86(20%%) severe cognitive dysfunction (Table 30).
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