Thus, using this scoring system, we established a normal/predementia group (GDS scores between 1 and 3; 1= no cognitive decline, 2= very mild cognitive decline, 3= mild cognitive decline) and a moderate/moderately severe dementia group (GDS scores 4 and 5; 4= moderate cognitive decline, 5= moderately severe cognitive decline).
At follow-up, 5.0% of the day care patients showed very mild cognitive decline (GDS2), 30.0% showed mild cognitive decline (GDS3), 42.5% showed moderate cognitive decline (GDS4), 20.0% showed moderately severe cognitive decline (GDS5), and 2.5% showed severe cognitive decline (GDS6).
Regarding GDS staging, 20.0% of the day care patients showed very mild cognitive decline (GDS2), 25.0% showed mild cognitive decline (GDS3), 30.0% showed moderate cognitive decline (GDS4), and 25.0% showed moderately severe cognitive decline at baseline.
For the institutionalized patients, 4.3% of them showed no cognitive decline (GDS1), 13.0% showed very mild cognitive decline (GDS2), 30.5% showed mild cognitive decline (GDS3), 30.5% showed moderate cognitive decline (GDS4), and 21.7% showed moderately severe cognitive decline.
For the institutionalized patients, 4.3% of them showed no cognitive decline (GDS1), 17.4% showed very mild cognitive decline (GDS2), 4.3% showed mild cognitive decline (GDS3), 39.2% showed moderate cognitive decline (GDS4), and 34.8% showed moderately severe cognitive decline (GDS5).
Do changes in lifestyle engagement moderate cognitive decline in normal aging?
The Cochrane database provided meta-analysis data of four double-blind controlled trials with participants ranging from the healthy and cognitively intact, to mild-moderate cognitive decline, and to dementia (Malouf et al 2003).
Stage 5 Moderately Severe Cognitive Declines (Moderate to Mid-Stage. deficiencies. Decrease knowledge of recent events. Impaired ability to. day of week or season. Have trouble with less challenging Math.
A significant percentage of elderly subjects (50% 80%) with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease with or without moderate-to-severe cognitive decline, and with or without behavioral and psychological disorders, show complex symptoms related to the progressive deterioration of their general state of health and/or to situations causing an increase in stress (eg, institutionalization).
In non-demented patients with type 2 diabetes, cognitive decrements are moderate in size and cognitive decline over 4 years is largely within the range of what can be viewed in normal ageing.
A higher proportion of residents with moderate cognitive impairment experienced a decline in the early and mid-loss ADLs (personal hygiene, dressing and toileting) compared to those more severely impaired.
