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The findings suggest that preventative psychological interventions in cancer patients may have a moderate clinical effect upon anxiety but not depression.
For the seven comparisons that were reported to have an acceptable dropout rate (<20%) [ 37, 40, 43, 45, 46, 48], the SMD was −0.59 [−0.85, -0.34], showing a moderate clinical effect in favour of CCBT.
For the nine comparisons without a significant difference in attrition rate between intervention and control at post-treatment [ 37, 39, 40, 42- 44, 46, 48], the SMD was −0.50 [95% CI −0.73 to −0.27], showing a moderate clinical effect in favour of CCBT.
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ACS treatment of human OA patients, however, demonstrated limited to moderate clinical effects [ 15, 16].
A total of 412 calls (37.4%) resulted in moderate or major clinical effect (including death).
Chronic GVHD is determined by a 0- to 3-point score (none, mild, moderate, severe) that reflects the clinical effect in various organs including skin, liver, eyes, mouth, respiratory tract, and esophagus [ 13].
Restricting ciguatera cases to only those with moderate or major clinical effects resulted in rate ratios of similar values, although confidence intervals were wider (and included the null) because the number of calls was reduced by 65% (see Supplemental Material, Table S5).
An effect size of greater than or equal to 0.8 was considered to represent a large clinical effect, 0.5 a moderate effect and 0.2 a small effect [ 28].
With conventional photon irradiation treatment of recurrent rectal cancer is limited, and the clinical effect is only moderate.
These results, while not inconsistent with previous reports of a reduced rate of FUra elimination at higher IFN-alpha doses, suggest that any clinical effect of this moderate dose of IFN-alpha on FUra toxicity or activity is due to modulation at target cells, not to pharmacokinetic interaction.
Although the overall between-study heterogeneity was moderate, clinical heterogeneity among subgroup studies was low, indicating a greater effect estimate stratified by subgroup.
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