To model the first assumption of asynchronous models, which states only one gene can be updated between two consecutive time steps, we use the following relation: (5) Equation (5) states that gene i in the next time step, takes the value as defined by the function x i (t+1) in Equation (1) and all the other genes stay at their current expression levels.
The model that most closely corresponded to the new genetic data was the "mostly out-of-Africa" model, which stated that although African populations largely replaced archaic hominin populations throughout the world, some hybridization occasionally occurred when these two groups encountered each other.
Claydon (2011) developed his "consumer-driven corporate responsibility model" which states that in order to be profitable, the consumer demand for CSR must be satisfied.
The model used in [7] is the celebrated -anonymity model which states that any pattern matching algorithm cannot differentiate an entry in a large dataset from at least other entries [3, 8].
The most influential neurobiological model of insomnia disorder is the 'hyperaorusal model', which states increased level of arousal during day and nighttime as a fundamental characteristic of the disorder (Riemann et al., 2010).
The LLTM confirmed the validity of the theoretical model which states that reading acquisition relies on the development of three basic skills: word recognition, phonological awareness, and reading comprehension.
The model developed in this paper is based on a parallel conductivity model which states that the total conductivity of the formation is a combination of the conductivity of the formation water in parallel with the conductivity contribution of the clay term.
The proposed technique refers to the dichromatic reflectance model, which states that the colors of a uniform lambertian object are roughly located around straight vectors going from the black to the body color, in relation to physical properties of the object.
The evolutionary significance of gene duplication is explained by the duplication-degeneration-complementation (DDC) model, which states that the probability of a duplicate gene to be preserved increases with the occurrence of degenerative mutations in its regulatory region [36].
Here we have provided clear evidence for the "indirect genetic effects" (IGE) model which states that traits are not only influenced by an individual's own genetic make-up but also by the genotype of the conspecifics that the individual interacts with [7], [21].
