Sentence examples for models where ω from inspiring English sources

Branch models, where ω is permitted to vary between lineages, were first tested.

We also compared models where ω was allowed to vary among sites.

Likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) between models where ω is allowed to vary above one, and the associated null models where ω is fixed at one, allow inference on the selective pressure acting on the sequence [ 33].

In the branch-specific models, a 'one-ratio' model (M0) that assumed the same ω ratio for all branches [ 64] was compared with models where ω was allowed to differ in the background and a focal branch (two-ratio model).

Models that allow ω to vary above one to include the effect of positive selection are compared with null models where ω is not allowed to fluctuate above 1, meaning the observed nucleotide variation is solely a product of purifying selection and neutrality.

We compared ω by maximum likelihood under two different models: a neutral model where ω was fixed = 1, and a model where ω was free to vary.

For each test we evaluated a model where ω was allowed to vary on a specified lineage vs. a null model where ω was the same for all lineages.

The second one compares a fixed- ω (M1 ω) model to a two- ω (M2 ω) model where ω is allowed to vary in a given pre-defined branch.

The third test compared any two- ω model (where ω varies in one given branch) to a version where ω in the tested branch is constrained to one (M2 ωA).

This program is based on the phylogenetic comparison of synonymous (d S) and nonsynonymous (d N) substitution rates, expressed in the ratio: ω = d N/d S. We applied a maximum likelihood test in two sets of models that allow ω to vary per position: one nearly neutral (M1a) model, where ω is between (0,1) and against a model of positive selection, where ω is between (0,2).

In addition, the likelihood ratio test (LRT) results detected no significant difference in the estimates using the two-ratio model where ω was not fixed for the branch of the common ancestor of baleen whales and that where it was fixed to 1 (P = 0.160; model H vs. I in Table  2), which suggested that the Hr gene was close to selective neutrality in baleen whales.