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We first fitted random effects linear regression models, using restricted maximum likelihood, with log (under-five death rate) as the outcome, ignoring the presence or absence of IMCI.
There was consistency in the ORs for Aboriginality in the different multivariate models using restricted sub-cohorts and different Aboriginal identifiers.
Intent-to-treat marginal and mixed effect models using restricted maximum likelihood estimation will be used to evaluate the primary hypotheses.
ITT mixed models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation will be used to account for missing data due to participant drop-outs without assuming that the last measurement is stable (the last observation carried forward assumption.
In the article that developed the method of estimation of variance component in linear mixed models using restricted maximum likelihood (Patterson and Thompson 1971), the authors presented both the log likelihood and the information matrix in terms of eigenvalues of the covariance matrix.
For the data on 34 species from 47 studies for which population means were available, we used principal components (PCALL, PCSIZE, PCREP, PCDEF) as response variables in linear mixed models, using restricted maximum likelihood, to test the effects of range (native or introduced), and taxonomic group (monocotyledon or dicotyledon), both as fixed effects.
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The estimation procedure for both the random intercepts and the random intercepts and slopes models used Restricted Maximum Likelihood, as this is known to provide better estimates of standard errors than Maximum Likelihood [10].
These models use restricted cubic splines to model the baseline cause-specific hazard rates.
Lastly, flexible parametric models use restricted cubic splines for modelling the log cumulative baseline excess mortality rate.
The applied survival models used restricted cubic splines to estimate log cumulative hazards, controlling for the effect of relevant patient characteristics.
Flexible parametric survival models use restricted cubic splines for the baseline and can, therefore, more readily capture the shape of the underlying hazard function compared with more traditional methods, such as the Cox proportional hazards model.
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