Of these, 30 evaluated only a single model, whilst ten studies evaluated two models, four studies evaluated three models, and one study evaluated five prediction models.
In terms of treatment models, six studies utilized an individualized regimen and four studies utilized a standardized regimen (Table 2).
Incomplete penetrance has been observed in mouse models; one study of Satb2-haploinsufficient mice showed cleft palate in approximately 25% [10], whereas another population was reported as phenotypically normal [4].
One fifth of the studies (n=12, 21%) were based on a theoretical or practical model: Three studies were based on an older theoretical model by another researcher, and the rest were based on theoretical model constructed at least partly by the authors.
Seven studies used exclusively animal overuse models (six rat and one dog model), and two studies used both human subjects and a model of animal overuse.
Using genetically engineered mouse models, two recent studies shed light on this age-old hypothesis.
Using elegant mouse models, two recent studies have examined the effect of missense RING mutations on the tumor suppression and DNA repair activities of BRCA1 [ 5, 6].
Utilising transgenic mouse models, two recent studies have identified the Wnt signalling pathway as integral in maintaining the quiescent HSC niche.
The goal of the present study was to describe the biomedical uses of these models from two studies.
Most studies (n = 22) used methods based on IRT, six studies used common factor models and two studies used other statistical methods.
