Among vertebrates, cichlids, especially the African representatives, have been used as models to study evolutionary mechanisms due to their rapid and convergent evolutionary radiation [ 20, 22, 23].
While a model of autonomous reasoning might apply to some moral beliefs and behaviors, a model appealing to evolutionary causal influences will apply to others.
Thus, the V. parahaemolyticus pandemic population constitutes an appropriate model to study evolutionary mechanisms, despite its low synonymous sequence diversity resulting from its short evolutionary history.
It was suggested that underestimates of viral divergence times may be caused by limitations of the models to adequately reflect evolutionary events.
The phenomenon entails the failure of the applied substitution models to linearize the evolutionary time scale.
Regarding undersampling approaches, in [44] authors developed a parallel model to enable evolutionary undersampling methods under the MapReduce scheme.
The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean was utilized with the maximum likelihood model to estimate evolutionary distance; 1,000 bootstrap sampling was performed.
RNA molecules, through their dual appearance as sequence and structure, represent a suitable model to study evolutionary properties of quasispecies.
It is a good model to study evolutionary mechanisms in vertebrates, because of its close relationship to haplochromine cichlids, which have undergone rapid speciation in East Africa.
