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Moreover, their models often use algebraic operations of fuzzy numbers to calculate the fuzzy sets in QFD.
Practical models often use the empirical dusty-gas formula to estimate the effective gas diffusion coefficient, assuming that all resistances are addable even after a volumetric average.
Consequently host-parasitoid models often use a discrete time step corresponding to the common generation length of host and parasitoid.
Rodent migraine models often use endpoints that include thermal or tactile allodynia as indicators of migraine-related sensory hypersensitivity [7, 10, 16].
As emphasized by Browning et al. (2010), p. 788, cooperative bargaining models often use the non-cooperative outcome as a threat point1.
Empirical models often use the sediment delivery ratio (SDR) to calculate the ratio between soil erosion and sediment input into the river network.
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Optimization of signal timing for urban street networks is a more complex task than the simplified simulation models often used for academic research.
Through class lectures and regular problem sets, students will develop skills in formulating and solving analytical models, often using game theoretic solution concepts.
However, current sequential software design techniques as well as the Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) programming models often used in the High Performance Computing (HPC) domain are insufficient.
The accuracy of the model is compared with that of other models often used in power electronics applications.
XSEOS – excess Gibbs energy models and equations of state – is an Excel® add-in for computing properties with thermodynamic models often used in chemical process design.
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