These genomic analyses have been further extended through the generation of animal models of gain- or loss-of-function for MMPs which have allowed the identification of novel functions for these enzymes and the establishment of causal relationships between MMP dysregulation and development of different human diseases.
Using both in vitro and in vivo models of gain-of-function tumourigenesis, it was found that acute inactivation of transforming oncogenes leads to cell-cycle arrest, differentiation or apoptosis, depending on tissue contexts (Table 1; reviewed in Sharma and Settleman, 2007; Weinstein and Joe, 2006).
We then use this model of gain dynamics to model the short-term changes in strength of a single synapse.
We also apply the model of gain dynamics to a simple network model of orientation tuning in primary visual cortex.
The observation that the closest homolog outside the FST clade was a barley gene (NIASHV2001M19) supports an evolutionary model of gain of FST-function after the core Pooideae group divergence from Brachypodium.
For Xoo phages, however, the data may be better explained by a linear model of gain and loss, in which functional alien endonuclease genes would be fixed but start degenerating after successful incorporation.
A cyclical model of gain and loss of HEGs [ 25, 26] has been used to deduce the possible evolutionary path of the I-SceI endonucleases of a self-splicing group I intron in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the intron/HEG of T-even-like phages [ 27, 28].
We explored this issue in a mouse knockin model of gain-of-function Flt3-ITD mutation because FLT3-ITDs are paradoxically restricted to acute myeloid leukemia even though Flt3 primarily promotes lymphoid development during normal hematopoiesis.
The present studies were designed to establish male rat models of weight gain induced by chronic and acute treatment with antipsychotics.
It is our hope that they may also become more specific, especially if scoring functions employed by Psi-square and other methods are based on more sophisticated models of gene gain, loss and co-inheritance.
