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This requires models of explanatory scope. 5.
Models of explanatory reduction avoid the problems facing theory reduction mentioned at the end of Section 3.1.
Models of explanatory reduction typically assume that reductive explanation is causal explanation, where a higher level feature is explained by the interaction of constituent parts.
Other models of explanatory reduction have been put forward by philosophers, many with an explicit eye to capturing how reduction occurs in scientific practice (e.g., Bickle 2003, 2006, 2008).
This decline has been accompanied by an increasing attention to models of explanatory reduction (e.g., Sarkar 1998, Weber 2005) across a wider variety of domains in biology (e.g., development, ecology, evolution, cell biology, and neuroscience).
This parallels the trend in models of explanatory reduction of moving away from theories as the only epistemic units of interest (Section 3.2), but the emphasis is on relata such as coordination, integration, synthesis, or reciprocal interaction.
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An early model of explanatory reduction was put forward by William Wimsatt (1976b).
Sometimes, however, the Nagel model has been characterized as an epistemological model of reduction, because it is a model of theory-reduction (Sarkar 1992; Hoyningen-Huene 1989; Silberstein 2002), because it is a model of explanatory reduction (Sarkar 1992), or because bridge-laws are to be interpreted epistemologically (Fazekas 2009, following Klein 2009).
Fig. 1 Model inclusion of explanatory variables based on best 2000 models: Red colour indicates a negative coefficient, blue colour indicates a positive coefficient and white colour indicates non-inclusion.
Our analyses included models of each explanatory variable alone, and two- and three-variable models that we determined to be ecologically relevant.
ZAP models simultaneously model the effect of explanatory variables on the failure/success of individuals (0/1) and the number of young fledged if individuals are successful.
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