We used an SNP-based approach to examine isolates from different sources of EHEC O157 H7/H– to further elucidate the evolutionary model of emergence of this pathogen, paying particular attention to identifying the "missing link" hypothetical intermediate.
The CF airways may represent a model of emergence of resistant bacteria in this specific niche, where many different bacteria are in close contact, increasing the frequency of potential lateral gene transfer.
Stated differently, the frequency of contact with others carrying the resistant organisms is likely an important effect-modifier of antibiotic effects for pathogens that do not follow the simple model of emergence of resistance exhibited by organisms such as M. tuberculosis.
Modern conflict analysis remains largely preoccupied with abstract models of the emergence of social institutions.
While there are several available models of norm emergence, there has not been one that does not presuppose the existence of some norm in the population.
Both Axelrod (1986, 1992) and Bicchieri (2006) present models of norm emergence, but these models either do not address normative expectations, or assume that normative expectations are already present in the population.
Outbreaks of Ebola, AIDS, and tuberculosis suggest that models of disease emergence need to be dynamic, systemic, and critical.
Mathematical models of disease emergence have likewise been useful in developing mitigation plans for potential pandemic strains of influenza (Ferguson et al. 2005).
More generally, this study shares the essential features of all models of the emergence and early evolution of the code: a reasonable scenario is proposed and carefully explored but there can be no guarantee that this is a necessary scenario.
Thus, an understanding of the links between habitat variation, mosquito abundance, and pathogens carried by the mosquitoes is essential for building predictive models of disease emergence in humans and wildlife.
