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In vitro models of dormancy have identified hypoxia, nitric oxide (NO) and nutrient starvation as dormancy inducing signals [4] [6].
Because DevR regulon induction occurred early and preceded the cessation of mycobacterial replication, AA could have potentiated the adaptation of actively growing bacteria to a stage of growth arrest, similar to that observed in other hypoxia-based models of dormancy.
Our in vivo data gives solidarity to many of the in vitro models of dormancy and is enhanced by the absence of artifacts from in vitro growth in culture medium.
Discovery of effective drugs against non-replicating tubercle bacilli requires appropriate in vitro models of dormancy.
We also have discussed concepts of tumour dormancy derived from pre-clinical research models of dormancy in breast cancer.
There are two important characteristics of this meta-analysis: i) in order for a gene to score well it must be in the top quarter of highly induced genes across several experimental models of dormancy and ii) the expression levels for the highest expressing genes are attenuated.
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The appearance of the lipid loaded Mtb cells from the multiple-stress in vitro model of dormancy was very similar to that of the dormant Mtb cells from human patients [35].
In the widely used Wayne model of dormancy based on hypoxia, the maximum phenotypic Rif-resistance obtained against a very low concentration of Rif (0.1 µg/ml) was about 21% after 8 days and gradually decreased to 17% tolerance after 14 days and to 12% after 22 days [24].
This model is entirely consistent with the clinical model of dormancy proposed by Demicheli (see Figure 4 in [ 7]).
D = doxorubicin, G = gemcitabine, C = cisplatin The flank xenograft model used in these studies provides a model of "dormancy" in which suppression is induced by normal ECM.
In another 3D model of dormancy, using several breast cancer cell lines that exhibit dormancy in lungs of xenografted mice, the transition from quiescence to proliferation was found to be dependent on fibronectin production, signaling through β1 integrin, cytoskeletal reorganisation and the formation of actin stress fibers [ 48].
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