Meanwhile, sex differences in impulsivity have been reported in human drug abusers (Lejuez et al., 2007) and rat models of drug abuse (Anker et al., 2008; Perry et al., 2007), with greater impulsivity found amongst drug abusing females compared with corresponding drug abusing males.
Models of inhalant abuse and addiction should take into account the fact that inhalant abuse occurs among children and adolescents.
Interest in the development of mouse models of drug abuse liability has increased with the introduction of selective gene expression.
In contrast to clinical trials utilizing monotherapies, combinations of dopamine (DA) agonists and selective 5-HT3, 5HT2A/2C, or NK1 antagonists have shown robust efficacy in reversing behavioral and neurobiological alterations in animal models of psychostimulant abuse.
The current review highlights the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to study the neurobiological substrates underlying vulnerability to cocaine addiction and subsequent adaptations following chronic cocaine self-administration in nonhuman primate models of cocaine abuse.
Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have been utilized to infer animals' affective states in multiple research paradigms including animal models of drug abuse, depression, fear or anxiety disorders, Parkinson's disease, and in studying neural substrates of reward processing.
Overall, the findings indicate substantial progress has been made in developing animal models of alcohol abuse, relapse and craving using these selectively bred rat lines, as well as outbred rats.
The involvement of local glutamatergic synapses within the VTA in learning and the development of adaptive processes in animal models of drug abuse has been widely documented [25].
In animal models of cocaine abuse, alterations in DAT function/expression have been variable.
