This difference notwithstanding, the similarity between the models is striking and suggests wide applicability of the models incorporating interactions between NFDS and directional selection, which are likely to be common in complex ecosystems (see ' Background'), for different aspects of evolution in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Primarily overall group differences are identified by a model comparing likehood ratio test of a hypothesized model incorporating interaction effects of group by time and a nested null model leaving out these interactions.
A steady-state model incorporating interactions between separate bubble and emulsion phases in a fluidized-bed polyethylene reactor was developed by Choi and Ray [Chem. Engng Sci.40, 2261 2279 (1985a)].
The "no interaction" assumption is easily relaxed by replacing the causal model with a model incorporating interactions between A and C. Case-control studies are quite common in epidemiologic practice, and the COCA extends to this context but requires some modification to appropriately account for the study design, which is provided in the Appendix.
The analytical model incorporates interaction among the blast load, the cladding system, and the protected structure member which is simplified as an SDOF system.
The network model incorporates interactions between regulators, such as synergistic and competitive relationships, by evaluating increasingly more complex regulatory mechanisms, and is therefore able to identify new regulators of leaf development not found by traditional genomics methods based on pair-wise expression similarity.
Separate fixed effect models incorporating an interaction term between primary covariate and the population factor were fitted within the levels of cell type factor.
To account for the occurrence of the gigantic M9 earthquake on the interplate megathrust where M7-class events repeatedly occur, simulation models incorporating complicated interactions of asperities have been developed based on the rate- and state-dependent friction (RSF) law (Hori and Miyazaki2011; Kato and Yoshida2011; Shibazaki et al.2011; Mitsui et al.2012; Noda and Lapusta2013).
The data have been found to conform to an analysis provided by a binary interaction model incorporating segmental interaction parameters, χij, derived from related blends.
