Promising seem to be some predictive models including maternal characteristics, biophysical and biochemical markers, able to achieve detection rates around 70% at 10% false-positive rate.
Key confounding risk factors were adjusted for in the models, including maternal education attainment and smoking during pregnancy.
In models including maternal and paternal uses of pesticides, the association between AL and paternal pesticide use was no longer observed (OR = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9 1.4), whereas the association between AL and maternal use of pesticide remained (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6 2.4).
Adjusted models included maternal and child demographics and maternal body mass index as covariates.
Based on our DAG, all models included maternal age, maternal education, maternal race, marital status, depression, and maternal weight (kg).
Multivariate models included: maternal age, maternal ethnicity, last live birth interval, sex, one minute Apgar score, maternal education, birth weight percentile category and gestational age category.
Variables used in both models included: maternal education, net income, marital status, pre and postnatal smoke exposure, maternal atopy, birth weight, gestational age, pets keeping, breastfeeding, siblings and child allergy.
Therefore, the fully adjusted models included maternal age (years), smoking status and alcohol intake during pregnancy (yes/no), annual household income (categorical), parity (0/≥ 1), and the blood sampling period during pregnancy (categorical or continuous).
For mothers, the models included maternal age at birth (years), smoking during pregnancy (nonsmoker/ex-smoker/active smoker), workplace and home exposure to SHS (no/yes), residence in an urban area (no/yes), education (low: ≤ 9 years education; medium: 10 14 years education; high: university degree or higher), and ethnicity (Greek/non-Greek).
In a logistic regression model including maternal education, age and parity, women with secondary school education were less likely to accept testing than those with no education (AOR 0.648; 95% CI 0.54 0.79; p<0.54 0.79
The complete model, including maternal height and birth length, could be fitted for the combined Philippines and Guatemala cohorts.
