All models have identical starting and transition probabilities, but the emission probabilities are different.
However, statistical significance is different from clinical relevance and the last step of a CFA – to consider equivalent models – provides interesting insight into the construct OE. Equivalent models have identical goodness of fit but different substantive interpretations [ 21].
Although the two models have identical implementations of the unperturbed feedback network for stem cell regulation, we can point out model-predicted differences that may be resolved in future experiments.
All 15 models had identical divergence time estimates for the three remaining North American Limenitis species (Additional Files 2 and 4), and all models included hybridization between L. a. arthemis and L. a. astyanax beginning 12,000 ybp, following the recession of the Laurentide ice sheet [ 20].
which states that the channel simulators of Class VII and the reference model have identical correlation properties.
Then, since the ideal Hamiltonian for the model has identical nominal parameters ((B_{i}^{0} = B^{0}, J_{i}^{0} = J^{0})), we have that (U^{g} H (U^{g})^{dagger}=H); and furthermore, (U^{g}O(U^{g})^{dagger}=O).
Indeed, with no allelic dropout, a structured population under the F model has identical expected allele frequencies and genotype frequencies to those of an unstructured population with a higher inbreeding coefficient ρ* = ρ + (1 − ρ)[ F/(2 − F)] (Appendix B).
This paper considers some particular models of coherent systems having identical components with independent lifetimes.
A proper fitting of the data has been achieved considering a model of two layers having identical values of the refractive index but different values of the extinction coefficient (higher absorption for the outer layer).
Among models, the maximum difference was m or % ( versus,, or ; models,, and had identical displacements).
