Using an ocean-only model forced with atmospheric CO2 projections (IS92a), Caldeira and Wickett [4]predicted a pH drop of 0.4 units by the year 2100 and a further decline of 0.7 by the year 2300.
Compared with a coarse resolution model, forced with the same climatic monthly averaged atmospheric data, the high resolution model exhibits stronger variability, including frontal structures and coastal upwellings induced by baroclinic instabilities, in particular along the Turkish coast.
In the present study, a new saltation model, forced with instantaneous velocity fields and accounting for the presence of vegetation, is introduced in a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) airflow model.
This study aims at investigating this variability in the North-East Atlantic Ocean (25°W 0°W and 30°N 60° N), using a 57-year hindcast (1953 2009) obtained with a spectral wave model forced with reanalysis wind fields.
We compare the performance of CCA with linear regression (LR) in removing the systematic bias from the SWAT model forced with precipitation and temperature for three selected watersheds from the Southeastern US.
The authors found that models inputted with infrastructure, vegetation management, ProxPix, performed up to 5 13% better than simpler models depending on model evaluation criteria and input data; and that the model forced with utility infrastructure and ProxPix had the best overall performance.
This study uses observed sea surface temperatures and the results of global climate model forced with five different future emissions scenarios to evaluate the "committed warming" for coral reefs worldwide.
Using an ocean-only model forced with atmospheric CO2 projections (IS92a), Caldeira and Wickett [ 4]predicted a pH drop of 0.4 units by the year 2100 and a further decline of 0.7 by the year 2300.
The latter was of major concern to indigenous social workers who had experienced the negative impact of western social work models, forced on their communities with horrific consequences.
Hydrological models are forced with output from climate models but neglecting this feedback may lead to an inaccurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET).
