There are a variety of models for collectives, which include different degrees of cooperation.
What we've witnessed in Libya, in fact, could be a new model for collective security in which the United States no longer bears a disproportionate share of the risks and costs of intervention.
The Drosophila melanogaster border cells migrate as a cluster during late oogenesis and serve as a powerful in vivo genetic model for collective cell migration.
"You're now equipped with enough game theory to know that the word 'fair' should send up red flags and set off warning bells," Raeburn and Zollman write, as they work through various models for making collective decisions, most of which they find unsatisfying.
This suggests that an explicit model accounting for collective events, in the spirit of MBL, albeit more parsimonious in terms of parameterization, would be an interesting direction to take.
The identification and incorporation of these signals will pose a major challenge for dynamic models of collective decision-making.
Paper considers cognitive model and architecture capable to capture cognitive phenomena in social environments, which could be used for modeling of collective cognition as well as developing practical applications for individual interaction with collective intelligence.
Large scale rainfall models are needed for collective risk estimation in flood insurance, infrastructure networks and water resource management applications.
Their disordered, unbounded compositions and improvisations, not to mention their wild multimedia performances complete with face paint, conceived of music as a model for black collective action: music offered freedom, yes, but it offered unity, too.
Moreover, as I point out in the classroom, the civil rights movement was such an important model for other collective challenges to inequality that are obviously ongoing as well, like gay rights activism.
