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Genetically engineered mouse models for cancers demonstrate tumor-promoting role of autophagy.
Establishment of orthotopic models for cancers in different organs has been the preferred choice for cancer studies due to the unique tumor microenvironments provided at different organ sites.
Immortalised cancer cell lines serve as highly useful and tractable experimental models for cancers in patients and, to a substantial extent, recapitulate in vitro the genetic and biological complexity of cancer.
We observed no survival differences between men and women in any of the models for cancers of colon, rectum, pancreas and bladder.> -wrap-foot> *All models include year of follow-up and period of diagnosis.
Potten and Loeffler [ 92] and Nowak and colleagues [ 93, 95] have postulated similar models for cancers of the small intestine and colon taking account of the linear structure of the crypts, and in which necessarily the assumption of conditional independence breaks down.
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In recent years, simple 3D models for cancer research have emerged, including cell culture in spheroids and on biomaterial scaffolds.
Bruce Stillman, director of Cold Spring Harbor, says scientists have not only an explosion of genetic information but new, genetically-tailored mouse models for cancer that were unheard of even a decade ago.
Current mouse models for cancer are very suitable for this as they permit mimicking many of the salient features of human tumors.
Much of the advancement in mouse models for cancer during the past 2 decades can be attributed to our increasing capacity to specifically modify the mouse germ line.
Although the ultimate value of genetically engineered mouse models for cancer drug discovery is unknown, several encouraging experiments provide proof of principle.
Merkel cell polyomavirus closely related to SV40 and mouse polyomaviruses that have been used as animal models for cancer viruses for over 50 years.
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