In summary, both mouse models exhibit reduced burst amplitudes and propagation velocity in the one-dimensional culture configuration.
These models exhibit reduced total apoB protein in plasma as well as lower plasma TGs, suggesting that adequate PC biosynthesis is important for both apoB secretion and VLDL lipidation.
DS-associated motor deficits have been reproduced in mouse models (O'Doherty et al., 2005; Galante et al., 2009), and both humans with DS and mouse trisomic models exhibit reduced numbers of granule neurons in the cerebellum, a part of the brain that is important for fine motor control (Baxter et al., 2000; Olson et al., 2004b; O'Doherty et al., 2005).
In a previous study our group revealed that DPSCs of an oestrogen-deficient rat model exhibited reduced differentiation towards the osteo/odontogenic cell lineages 12.
In contrast, chemo-residual tumor cells emanating from our short-term chemotherapy treatment model exhibited reduced HIF-1α mRNA (Fig. 1e) and protein (Fig. 1f) levels.
Critically short telomeres in a telomerase-deficient (Terc− / −) ESC model exhibited reduced global hypomethylation and altered levels of H3k27me3, which led to increased Nanog and Gata 6 expression, inducing reversible differentiation [ 57].
Moreover, in diabetic patients and diabetic animal models, which exhibit reduced megalin expression [26], [27], it has been shown that several PPARγ agonists decreased albuminuria [45], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52].
However, placentas in the RUPP model do not exhibit reduced trophoblast invasion, a key aspect of preeclampsia.
For example, the Pro to Lys-Tyr mutation (P278KY) in the Gars Nsf249/+ mouse model of CMT2D did not exhibit reduced synthetase activity, and furthermore, heterozygous mice with a single null loss-of-function GARS allele exhibited reduced synthetase activity but none of the symptoms of CMT (Seburn et al, 2006).
This is comparable to previous reports in the present animal model and in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat model of type 2 diabetes, which exhibit reduced heart rate, prolonged isovolumic relaxation time and increased chamber stiffness [ 3, 18, 19, 36].
In literature, several autism models with mutations in Foxp2, Nlgn4, and Tsc2 exhibit reduced USV [59] [61].
