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We examined the role of different scaffolding instructional interventions in facilitating students' shift to more sophisticated mental models as indicated by both performance and process data.
We further add coefficient models (as indicated in Eq. 2.2) to the previous models 2.1 to 4.1.
Nonetheless the size of the estimating samples varies across models, as indicated at the bottom of Table 6 in Sect. 5.
(B) The distances between Cα Cα atoms of cross-linked residues pairs within the adaptor F-subcomplex were measured based on four models as indicated, classified into intra-subunit (black) and inter-subunit (red) ones and plotted.
Eliminating non-significant climate variables and incorporating land cover and land use variables substantially improved the fit of the final model when compared to the climate models, as indicated by a substantial reduction in DIC (Table 2).
Statistical significance of differences between data was determined using ANOVA or t-test models as indicated.
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The results are summarized in Table 3. Overall, the results are consistent: the smaller the value of λ, the better the model fitness, as indicated by larger likelihood value.
Other plasma lipoproteins were included as independent variables and models were adjusted as indicated for child age, gender, pubertal stage and body fatness.
They analyze models showing that cultural evolution can actually reduce the range of conditions under which cooperation can evolve and interpret these models as indicating that we were wrong to conclude that culture facilitated the evolution of human cooperation.
Such a result is often considered a typical feature of the random regression model [ 21, 22]; but it is most likely an indication that all sources of variation have not been adequately modelled, as indicated by changes when error variances were fitted with varying level of complexity [ 15, 23].
For this purpose, an elimination procedure is incorporated to the algorithm in order to remove variables that do not effectively contribute towards the prediction ability of the model as indicated by an F-test.
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