The rest of the article is structured as follows: we begin Results section by describing the main ingredients of the model, which include an antigenic microenvironment, central tolerance through negative selection, and a simple form of peripheral tolerance.
Returning to our model, given that an antigenic mutation arises in a strain carrying some deleterious mutation load, one might expect the virus population's deleterious mutation load to increase in the long run, causing a long-term decline in influenza A/H3N2 fitness.
Here we describe a surface mimic approach to the reconstruction of such complex molecular architectures, using as a model a discontinuous antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus that is defined by residues belonging to three different capsid proteins.
Interestingly, SSL containing a model antigenic protein have been shown to induce both class I and class II restricted immune responses in mice (Ignatius et al, 2000) upon presentation by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) such as dendritic cells (DC).
Our data support a model where antigenic epitope density sensed by CD8+ T cells at priming influences memory generation by modulating Bcl6, Eomes and Nor-1 expression.
Furthermore, we were able to use the NKG2D-Fc protein to deliver a model ovalbumin antigenic peptide to NKG2D ligand-expressing ovarian tumor cells to facilitate MHC class I presentation of the antigenic peptide.
Conclusions polyester is an antigenic polymer.
Rigorous statistical analysis and short-term transcriptional data can be used to further improve our models of antigenic switching networks (Noble and Recker, 2012).
When simulated, both of these models yield antigenic variant co-circulation and are thus consistent with the analyses detailed above that have shown that influenza evolution is not antigenic mutation limited.
In a classic model of antigenic variation, it would be expected that a single or relatively small number of a gene family would be transcribed in any population, with other members of the gene family being transcribed at much lower levels.
