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2, 3 and 4-node beam elements are used for modelling the beam major axis while linear 4-node and quadratic 9-node Lagrange elements are used as expansion functions over the cross-section.
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The Timoshenko beam kinematics are employed to model the beam, by a modified couple stress theory.
Such characterization is useful where preliminary calculations are needed for avoiding detailed computer calculation to model the beam.
Simulations are made to model the beam dynamics of the electron beams extracted by the DC gap and accelerated by the superconducting cavity.
A triangular plate element presented in the literature is used for the composite material to model the beam as a plate structure.
To model the beam, column, slab and rigid connections, a cubic elasto-plastic type 3D element (cubic) was used.
The nonlinearity is simulated by introducing a dual-hinge lumped-plasticity beam element to model the beams framing into the joint.
It is necessary to use the plane solid continua model in modelling the deep beams.
In modeling the nanocantilever beam, the effects of van der Waals forces, elastic boundary condition and size dependency are considered.
Grade 70 steel I-beams were used to model the steel beams with a modulus of elasticity of 2.0 × 108.
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling removes the beam orientation constraints associated with 2D planning, thus allowing greater flexibility in treatment design.
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