6 18 However, none of these modelling studies investigated the overall net economic effect of smoking on public finance balance by using actual data from individuals, and only a few had taken into account all the following factors; lifetime productivity or income taxes and pension fees paid, pension costs, and a monetary value of life years lost.
The construction of these familial vulnerability indices was based on a twin modelling study investigating genetic risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders conducted by Kendler et al. [ 20, 43].
This modelling study investigated the impact of an influenza pandemic on a community in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and compared it with that in a similar-sized community in Australia.
One non-strengthened control beam and twelve strengthened beams using different types and dimensions of CFRP strips in both experimental test and simulation modelling studies were investigated.
Embedded in this RCT is a trial-based economic evaluation and a modelling study to investigate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of the AIMS-intervention versus usual care.
Several modelling studies that have investigated introgression from GM plants into natural populations have focused on a single population of the wild relative (Haygood et al. 2004; Walklate et al. 2004; Damgaard and Kjellsson 2005; Kuparinen and Schurr 2007).
Using a multivariate structural equation modelling approach, the study investigated interactions among anthropometry, posture, backpack volume, rating and back pain constructs, with each construct made of 2 4 indicators.
Mathematical modelling studies can be designed that investigate the impact of these contact profiles and the way they link age groups and contact locations on the spread and control of infectious diseases.
Mathematical modelling studies are a valuable tool for investigating hypothetical processes of chlamydia transmission and ascending infection.
To investigate whether different modelling studies reported significantly different evolutionary rates we grouped modelling studies into eight groups or study types.
