A modelling study from South Africa found a 54% reduction of HIV transmission when therapy is initiated at CD4 <350 cells/μL as compared to <200 cells/μL [ 24].
To our knowledge, this is the first multilevel modelling study from any developing country to study the effects of neighbourhood formality and neighbourhood SES on self-rated health in trying to understand health inequalities between men and women.
In a modelling study from Argentina [ 76], influenza vaccination of high-risk children aged 6 months to 15 years old was estimated to be cost saving from a societal perspective.
A modelling study from the USA indicated that screening would be cost-effective if started between the ages of 30 and 45 years, with screening repeated every 3 5 years, and would lead to significant reductions in myocardial infarction and diabetes-related microvascular complications in a screened compared with an unscreened population [ 5].
Of these three studies, two were ex ante modelling studies, one from the Netherlands, 11 one from the USA, 12 13 and one was an ex post evaluation using econometric and regression analysis of a policy in Egypt.
Before the emergence of the novel influenza A/H1N1, virus modelling studies have suffered from the high number and uncertainty of necessary assumptions [10].
The four data points from modelling studies that found zero evolutionary rate and were excluded from the formal mixed-model analyses were all related to growth rate (Table 1).
In agreement with results from other modelling studies, in the null model the population was unable to diversify such that different types of organisms well adapted to different niches arose under random mating.
Public policy making should to be informed by evidence; however when evidence from evaluations of previous interventions is not available, results from modelling studies can help guide discussion and decision making by presenting possible outcomes and effects, and the probability and consequences of these.
Experimental and modelling studies of particle separation from liquids using a dielectric force show that dielectrophoresis may be an appropriate mechanism for multipass filtration systems if the dielectric properties of the fluid and contaminant are favourable.
