Behavioural economic models of substance choice describe the relationship between changes in unit price and consumption.
Contemporary theoretical models of substance dependence posit that deficits in inhibitory control play an important role in substance dependence.
Outcome effect expectancies are considered a key determinant of behavior in social learning models of substance use.
This review discusses research on behavioural addictions (i.e. associative learning, conditioning), with reference to contemporary models of substance addiction and ongoing controversies in the behavioural addictions literature.
Although it has been well established that parent and sibling substance use is associated with substance use among their relatives, there is a general paucity of literature examining the direct modeling of substance use behaviors among family members.
The self report literature provides support for an 'alleviation of dysphoria' model of substance use but there is little empirical support for the self medication hypothesis, or for common factor models and bidirectional models of comorbidity.
Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and a tool designed by the authors based on the Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse (Lindenberg et al., 1993) and the literature of social support.
The young Leibniz consciously followed Gassendi in embracing atomism, later retaining high regard for mechanism but abandoning the material model of substance in favor of the monadology (Moll 1982).
Parental factors associated with co-morbidity include lower parental educational levels, closer maternal relationships, parental modeling of substance abuse or eating disordered behaviours, and maternal emphasis on weight and appearance [ 8, 9, 66].
Rather, the use of these real-time approaches draws attention to the fact that the factors central to theoretical models of substance use and relapse prevention including endogenous factors, such as craving and withdrawal, or exogenous factors, such as environmental cues (Marlatt 1980; Witkiewitz and Marlatt 2004)— are dynamic and vary over time.
