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The reason for using biomechanical modelling in contrast to, for example, a Klatt synthesiser, lies in the ability of the biomechanical models to generate physically realistic trajectories between consecutive phonemes.
The aim of the study was to explore differences in the models derived and to use this comparison as a basis for reflection on the method conventionally used in descriptive process modelling in contrast with the use of more formal qualitative analysis.
Biomechanical modelling, in contrast to other synthesis approaches, has the advantage that all obtained tongue movements, trajectories and phoneme targets are comparable to natural speech.
Log-linear modelling, in contrast to chi-square or cross-product ratios, can take more than two variables into consideration and can also include higher order interactions.
Bottom-up modelling, in contrast, involves constructing a model from well-defined, fine-grained components.
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Artificial neural network are often treated as "black box" modelling tools, in contrast, here the authors carry out a detailed analysis in terms of problem formulation and network architecture to explore the inner workings of this neural network.
The windows feature its "leading ladies" campaign, featuring stars such as Annie Lennox and the chef Rachel Khoo, who is well known in France, modelling clothes that – in contrast to the UK – can actually be found in store.
An attractive feature of metabolism, for the purposes of modelling, is that, in contrast to signalling pathways, metabolism is subject to direct thermodynamic and (in particular) stoichiometric constraints (Palsson 2006).
The resulting method can be thought of as a retrospective approach, modelling genotype given trait value, in contrast to prospective approaches that model trait given genotype.
In contrast to the modelling studies, the mixed-model analysis of empirical studies (Model 3, Formula 2) showed that the interaction between F and TRAIT could not be removed (χ = 12.22, df = 4, P = 0.02).
In contrast to other modelling studies, both the Saudi IMPACT Diabetes Forecast Model and the GBD model directly incorporated the trends in obesity prevalence and/or body mass index (BMI) to inform T2DM prevalence estimates.
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