On the one hand, the proposed multiscale modelling approach suggests that a plate with complex global geometry can be substituted by a structurally - equivalent, flat plate with constitutive relations given by a non - local, strain gradient theory.
An alternative modelling approach suggests that in some situations fisheries-induced evolutionary changes may become irreversible due to a shift to an alternative evolutionarily stable state (de Roos et al. 2006).
While the high variability of gene expression data may prevent the direct application of several data modelling approaches, this study suggests that application of traditional data smoothing methods are appropriate to infer cytogenetic abnormalities from gene expression data and are worth investigating further.
Here, we overview and link mathematical modelling approaches in these fields, suggest specific areas with potential for fruitful exchange, and discuss common ideas and issues for empirical testing and prediction.
The modelling approach employed here suggests in the base case that use of a fixed-dose combination polypill that improves adherence by 20% over multiple monotherapy in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) could prevent 47.3 fatal and non-fatal CV events per 1000 population over a 10-year period and is likely to be cost-effective at acceptable willingness-to-pay levels in the UK.
Recent publications from Iceland and Denmark using modelling approaches to determine individualised screening intervals suggested screening intervals incorporating a variety of measures beyond type and duration, such as HbA1c, blood pressure and diabetes treatment ranging from 6 months to 5 years [ 8, 10].
We also suggest ways to complement experiments using modelling approaches and observational studies.
In this article, we aim to raise awareness of this potential by reviewing modelling approaches in each field, delineating links between them, and suggesting specific areas that could benefit from transferring ideas and techniques.
As indicated above, non-modelling approaches can be usefully combined with modelling approaches to improve the model equations.
On the technical side, further work could explore the use of alternative modelling approaches including dependent competing risk models.
