Subsequently, in numerous animal models, activation of the vitamin D pathway with calcitriol, the active component of vitamin D, or its analogues reduced tumour development and growth (Krishnan et al, 2010; Mehta et al, 2012; Pereira et al, 2012).
According to the present model, activation of Toll-like receptor 7 might prevent development of airway hyperresponsiveness by acting on the airway smooth muscle.
For example, it has been demonstrated that, in a rat experimental headache model, activation of meningeal TRPV1 receptors by capsaicin resulted in the release of CGRP from trigeminal afferent nerves.
In different tumor models, activation of PPARα by agonists blocks tumor growth and angiogenesis by reducing production of proangiogenic factors such as VEGF or epoxyeicosatrienoic acids [23] [25].
Since lymphopenia is induced by irradiation in our model, activation of the cross-presenting APCs could by-pass the need for CD40 engagement by CD4+ T helpers.
In our model, activation of p38 appears to be critical for H5N1-associated redox signalling since p38 inhibition had been shown before to mimick effects of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) [34].
In a logic model, activation of nodes is defined by a set of operators.
In all models, activation of PPARα significantly altered processes related to various aspects of lipid metabolism.
In such a model, activation of the inflammasome was clearly beneficial to the host.
In this model, activation of both the V1rj and V1re-Chr.7 recircuitsircuits promotes mating behavior in male mice.
