In order to isolate the magnetospheric (and induced) magnetic field signals from the Swarm satellite data, modelled values of the core, lithospheric (and later the ionospheric, see Section 2.4) field are subtracted from each datum.
Rather than replace these individually it was more convenient to modify the model code and introduce a switch variable to reduce the modelled value of soil maximum temperature to the maximum air temperature, thereby testing the role of ENAV and TADJ simultaneously.
The modelled values of CRE (CREFIR, CREAW and CRE) for optically thick clouds (optical depth, τ=10) are shown in the left panels of Fig. 4; observed values (explained below) are shown in the right panels for comparison.
Our study has some limitations; we used distance to the nearest road to estimate traffic exposure at the current address, as modelled values of NO2 and NOx were only available for 73% of the study population.
While the determination of the vertical drift is based on criteria for matching the calculated and observed F-region peak heights over the magnetic equator, the meridional winds over the Brazilian low-latitude region and over its conjugate locations are calculated by comparisons based on the observed and modelled values of hmF2 and foF2.
Modelled values of NO2 and NOx were only available for some of the study participants (60% and 77%); instead, the distance from the participants' home address to the nearest densely trafficked road was used as a measure of exposure to traffic pollution (the distance to road with 10 000 cars and modelled 2006 values of NO2 and NOx have a correlation coefficient of −0.57 and −0.53 respectively).
Modelled values of effective diffusion in kaolin were typically around 0.015 m2/yr, which are nearly three times lower than the molecular diffusion in free solution and 10 times greater than the value obtained for clamped bentonite (constant volume and constant confining pressure).
It produced a residual of 0.0748 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9893 between the modelled values and the measured values.
where I(k) is the experimental waveform of the DNA sensor, Î i ( k ) represents the value of the modelled waveform for particle i and ψ i is the fitness value for the i th particle.
The intervention group will be compared with the modelled values for a non-intervention scenario.
The modelled values were combined with the coordinates representing each participant's home, giving each participant a modelled concentration of NO2.
