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In these multivariable models, continuous variables were modelled using restricted cubic smoothing splines with five knots to relax the assumption that continuous variables were linearly related to the mortality [ 33].
All categorical predictors were modelled using dummy variables, while all continuous predictors were modelled using restricted quadratic splines (Greenland, 1995) based on 2 knots for the tertiles to relax linearity assumptions.
Estimated date of seroconversion was continuously modelled using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles.
Calendar time was also modelled using restricted cubic splines in order to explore a nonlinear relationship with the outcome.
Duration will be flexibly modelled using restricted cubic splines to describe any non-straight-line association and suggest a minimal duration needed to see an effect of CIMT.
15 Interactions between alcohol intake and the time scale were modelled using restricted cubic splines with one knot placed at the median of uncensored log-survival times.
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To fully explore the association between maternal BMI in early pregnancy and asthma in the offspring, we also flexibly modelled maternal BMI between 16 and 40 kg/m using restricted cubic splines with four knots (at BMI 19, 21, 23 and 29 kg/m).
We modelled time trends in the HSV-1 and 2 prevalence with calendar time as a continuous variable using restricted cubic splines with four knots, resulting in a smoothly varying curve.
Stem lesion length was modelled using generalised least-squares models fitted by restricted maximum likelihood (Pinheiro et al. 2014).
In this study, survival was directly modelled using classification models to optimise prediction accuracy.
Costs and QALYs were modelled using generalized linear models whilst MACE was modelled using logistic regression.
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