A number of studies have modelled parts of the pathway and its main characteristic, which is an oscillation with a period of roughly 2 h.
Previous studies have modelled iron-related processes at the subcellular level (iron-sulphur cluster assembly in yeast mitochondria [ 64, 65]), at the cellular level in E. coli [ 33] (modelling of the genetic regulation of iron-related genes) or at the organism level in humans (regulation of iron levels; [ 30, 34, 35, 62].
Finally, a variety of studies have successfully modelled intra-city movement patterns using Twitter and Foursquare check-in data [14 16].
In New Zealand, some studies have already modelled growth of beeches (Harcombe et al. 1997; Richardson et al. 2011; Coomes et al. 2012; Easdale et al. 2012) and other native species (Kunstler et al. 2009).
Most (80; 98%) studies have exclusively modelled between-person variation in habit, based on aggregates of individuals' habit scores.
These studies have largely modelled toxicity of polyglutamine, which induces severe, early phenotypes in both mouse and Drosophila models, and therefore transcriptional changes are likely to partially reflect downstream effects of cell death.
A few studies have proposed to use multi-trait linear models [ 14- 16], where trait by line combinations are modelled as separate but correlated traits, to try to accommodate these issues.
9 Other studies have found indications of susceptible groups when looking at modelled levels of ozone, and exposure to high levels of PM10 in relation to FEV1, showing only significant associations among men with a family history of respiratory disease.
A number of studies have offered cost-benefit analyses to address this, usually based on modelled heating consumption figures and prescriptive approaches to setting values for unknowable variables such as future fuel price rises and the investor's discount rate.
Some studies have shown that for RNA-seq data without biological replicates, the count data can be reasonably modelled as Poisson distributed [ 1, 3].
