(2010), represents the true environmental factor, and drives both the observed and modelled data assuming that both the modelled and observed data provide good information about the same underlying process.
With a few exceptions, the modelled data closely follows that of the measured data.
We subsequently developed a simple procedure to minimise bias from all four upscaling approaches, and concluded that modelled data (STOA) can be used to upscale λE to longer timescales for thermal remote sensing applications.
Furthermore, most methods address data globally (e.g., location with respect to global feature span or density across global feature set), even though it is well established that the modelled data can exhibit very different properties in a local level versus the global level.
An alternative cause for the discrepancies between the modelled data and what we observe is much more fundamental: that CDM does not exist, and the predictions of the standard model relating to it are false.
Given that the results were based on modelled data, extrapolated from actual, we discuss only those segments with rates greater or less than 20% variation from State average, (above or below the line in figures) for each region.
Uncertainties for individual analyses were obtained for each modelled data series by determining the standard deviation where multiple analyses were obtained for a single year of that series.
The results showed that there is an excellent agreement between the validation data (not used in training) and modelled data, with average errors less than 1%.
These datasets were collated from sources that included ship CTD data, satellites (e.g. MODIS), climatologies such as World Ocean Atlas and modelled data (Table 1).
