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Impellers and baffles are modelled by introducing source and sink terms in the appropriate momentum equations.
The depolarisation of MPCs is modelled by introducing additional factors, depending on cross- and co-polarisation ratios (XPR and CPR, respectively).
With given average building height and building width for each grid mesh, effects of buildings on the momentum transfer are modelled by introducing a form drag force.
The spatial variability of the inter-laminar strength is modelled by introducing different types of discrete random fields of material tensile strength.
The influence of a given fragment of reservoir on the rock mass displacements can be modelled by introducing information about the surface of the planned mining area within the reservoir element as compared to the total reservoir element area.
However, Bilgen and Günther (2010) have shown that stock receipts can be modelled by introducing an auxiliary time grid and by use of additional binary variables which indicate whether a production activity is completed up to a particular point in time.
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A new modelling methodology simplifies modelling by introducing functional models based on tasks, which allow the reduction of component models.
These effects are modeled by introducing damage functions in the free energy function.
The phase change is modeled by introducing an implicit enthalpy source term in the heat equation.
For other situations, where the independence assumption is relaxed, a correlation structure can be modeled by introducing random terms [28].
Various SiC matrix/coating/fiber/coating/matrix structures are modeled by introducing a woven fiber layer in the SiC matrix.
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