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Hierarchical linear mixed effects models were used to assess the effect on travel speeds of several possible explanatory factors, modelled as fixed effects: species (spp), wild or hatchery-rearing history (HW), fork length (FL), and whether fish were from a Fraser River or non-Fraser watershed (FnF).
When the heterogeneity effect is modelled as fixed, there are five designs with a significant contribution to the inconsistency (Table 5).
In Model 2, categorical variables were modelled as fixed effects and continuous variables were modelled non parametrically by smooth function f j s.
The within-participant repeated measurements of actual and perceived EMF exposure and mood will be the first-level variables, which will be modelled as fixed effects; the second level will be the individuals and will be modelled as random effects.
Our conditions of interest were modelled as fixed effects in the GLMM.
Another identifying assumption is that country-specific characteristics create constant differences across countries that can be modelled as fixed effects f i.
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We modelled species and sex as fixed effects, without interaction term.
Variation between dental practices, variation between children and variation between occasions will be modelled as random effects; difference between groups will be included as fixed effects.
This was modelled either with the overall mean the only fixed effects, or with separate means for different soil map units as fixed effects.
as fixed effects.
The resulting eigenfunctions obtained from the free vibration are used as deflection functions of the forced vibration of a disk where the load is modelled as a mass spring dashpot system fixed in space.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com