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We also modelled age as a cubic spline with four knots.
In a sensitivity analysis, we also modelled age as a linear variable instead of a dichotomous one.
We modelled age as both a linear and quadratic variable, reflecting the expected linear or 'humped' relationships between age and fitness (e.g. Low et al. 2007; Brekke et al. 2013).
Since aboveground biomass change and its components are strongly regulated by forest age in the boreal forest (Oliver and Larson 1990), and long-term temporal trends are forest age-dependent (Chen et al. 2016), we modelled age as a continuous function, similar to previous studies (Chen and Luo 2015; Chen et al. 2016).
However, when we modelled age as an explanatory factor and controlled for birth year, the trend effect of age was not apparent.
When we modelled age as a continuous variable, the odds ratio declined at a rate of 2.6% per year of age (−3.9% to −1.3%, P=0.001).
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Results provide detailed data on tobacco smoking behaviour by age, sex and ethnic group as well as modelled age-adjusted lung cancer mortality and number of yearly lung cancer deaths.
Modelled age-specific diabetes prevalence is shown in Fig. 1.
Incidence was estimated from modelled age-specific prevalence.
All clinical variables listed in Table 1, in addition to age and sex, were entered into the logistic models with indication for catheterization also modelled (categorized as: MI, unstable angina, stable angina, or other indications [reference group]).
To test whether differences in growth of Icelandic cod were related to their Pan I genotype, mean length was modelled using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with Pan I genotype as the categorical independent variable and age as continuous covariate.
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