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For modeling the wireless channel, in all simulation experiments, the Constant Speed Propagation Delay Model and the Log Distance Propagation Loss Model were used.
The ultimate goal of this work is to contribute to the efforts in modeling the wireless underground communication completely and developing simulation environments.
We also study a Stackelberg competition with primary users as leaders and investigate the impact of multiple leaders by modeling the wireless channel as an M/D/1 queue.
Next, we study a Stackelberg competition with the primary license holder as the leader and investigate the impact of multiple leaders by modeling the wireless channel as an M/D/1 queue.
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The classical two-state Gilbert-Eilliot (GE) model [6, 7] is firstly used to model the wireless link variation.
However, modelling the wireless environment precisely in this scenario is quite hard, and virtually impossible in practical terms.
Yacoub [17] proposed two fading distributions, namely κ-μ and η-μ, to allow flexibility to model the wireless channels fading fluctuations.
One of the side benefits of performing path loss measurements is that we are now able to model the wireless environment inside a container stacking and use this model in simulators such as NS-3 and Cooja.
Since the channel states are time-related random variables in wireless fading environments, a first-order finite-state Markov channel (FSMC) is used to model the wireless channels, based on which the state transition matrix of the SNR of the transmission channel is derived as a function of the moving speeds of the user.
In fact, Markov processes modeling the operations of wireless networks are not invertible.
The use of the impulsive input [30, 39, 40] is analogous to modeling the conventional electronic wireless communication systems by employing a dirac input.
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