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Malandraki and Daskin [19] give a formulation of the VRPTW and time-dependent costs, modeling the travel time fluctuation with a step function.
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However, IURD's series will zoom in on more technical and quite critical aspects of planning for low-carbon cities - such as modeling and simulating urban futures, pursuing environmental sustainability and economic development, modeling the travel-demand impacts of alternative urban designs, and implementing "smart-growth" ideas.
This study utilizes the web information to obtain real-time estimated travel time data, and employs a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to model the travel time distributions.
The present study is an attempt to model the travel time distribution under various uncertainties.
For this Stochastic Response Surface Method (SRSM) was considered to model the travel time distribution under the uncertainties.
SRSM method was applied to model the travel time distribution due to the effect of these continuous random variable.
This study was extended by Graves et al. (1977) by modelling the travel time model of dual-command cycle for the same assumptions.
Although commuting distance and travel time were also considered to model the travel characteristics, they were later excluded as they did not show any statistical significance.
(c) Ray paths and four-layered velocity structure to model the travel time of P wave arrival and converted S wave arrival shown in Figure 9a,b.
The first study on the performances of an AVS/RS was proposed by Malmborg (2002), who modelled the travel time of an AVS/RS according to the number of aisles, tiers, vehicles, and lifts, by considering a random storage policy, and a tier-to-tier configuration.
The ArcGIS 9.3.1 Network Analysis extension was used to model the travel distance between each incident location and firstly the nearest designated trauma hospital and secondly the receiving trauma hospital based on the optimal travel route.
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